Skylight.



PATENTED AUG. 28, 1906.

H. A. DANIEL.

SKYLIGHT. APPLICATION FILED APR.5. 1905.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

9 2A5 IA 5 $Mj ATTORNEY 5 No. 829,910. PATENTED AUG. 28; 1906.

H. A. DANIEL.

SKYLIGHT. APPLICATION FILED APR.5. 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

IVITNESSES INVENTOR Jfjlflanzel W'J Z3 71 z '6 Attorneys.

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H. A. DANIEL. SKYLIGHT.

APPLIGATION IILED APR. 5. 1905.

INVENTOR ATTORNEYS PATENTED AUG. 28, 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES HUGH A. DANIEL, OF RONDOUT STATION, KINGSTON, NEW YORK.

SKYLIGHT.

Specification of Letters Fatent.

Patented Aug. 28, 1906.

Application filed April 5, 1905- Serial No. 254.037.

To all 1/:7'1/0711 it ung concern:

Be it known that I, HUGH A. DANIEL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Rondout Station, Kingston, in the county of Ulster and Stateof New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inSkylights, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to skylights, and has for its object to provide askylight conform ing, substantially, to the slant of the roof andprovided with flashings forming weathertight joints upon all sides.

A further object of my invention is to provide a skylight having arafter-bar composed of a single strip of sheet metal folded to formupstanding ribs, laterally-extending glasssupporting shoulders, andgutters upon each side and beneath the shoulders.

A further object of my invention is to provide a skylight having a sheetmetal boX formed to permit the discharge of moisture from the guttersupon the roof.

A further object of my invention is to provide a skylight having asheet-metal curb folded to form a glass-supporting shoulder with aflashing for attachment to the roof and a gutter communicating with thegutters ot' the rafter-bar.

A further object of my invention is to provide a rafter-bar having aflashing adapted for connection with a vertical wall and ac'ounterflashing disposed to cover the flashing oi the rafter-bar andhaving a skirt adapted to bear upon the glass at a little distance fromthe rafter-bar; v 1

A further object of my invention is to provide a cap composed of sheetmetal foded longitudinally and proportioned to cover the upstanding ribof the rafter-bar and having skirts arranged to bear upon the glass.

A further object of my invention-is to provide a skylight having aventilator disposed to open beneath an apron extending from the root toand over a portion of the skylight.

A further object of my invention is to prol vide a skylight having across-joint so de signed as to be easily formed by any skilledsheet-metal worker and easily placed in position in the skylight in sucha way as to insure that any condensation or leakage reach ing the underside of the skylight will be carried over to and deposited in thegutters of the rafter-bars.

A further object of my invention is to provide a skylight having afastening for the caps protecting the tops of the rafter-bars soarranged that the caps can be secured to the upstanding rib of therafter-bars by clips made of sheet metal so formed as to leave a spacefor the lower end of a bolt to fit inside the clip and above therafter-bar and with flanges turned down on the clip to fit closely tothe upstanding rib of the rafter-bar and be tightly secured to same bysoldering, by bolts, rivets, or other improved means.

With these and other objects in view the present invention consists inthe combination and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter morefully described, shown in the accompanying drawings, and particularlypointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that changes inthe form, proportion, size, and minor details may be made within thescope of the claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing anyof the advantages of the invention.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improved skylightarranged adjacent to and connected with a vertical wall rising above theroof and the skylight. Fig. 2 is a view of my improved skylight in sideelevation. Fig. 3'is a sectional view through the lower portion of askylight, taken upon line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transversesectional view of my improved skylight, showing the upper curb incross-section and taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a transversesectional view of my improved skylight showing in cross-section therafter-bar attached to a vertical wall and taken on line 5. 5 of Fig. 1.Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view of my improved skylight, showing arafter-bar and flashing in cross-section as attached to a root and takenon line 6 6 of Fig. .1. Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional view showing incrosssection an intermediate rafter-bar and its cap and taken on line 77 of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view showing in modifiedform the parts shown in 3 with the l apron arranged for connection witha metallie or composite roof. Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view ofmy improved skylight, showing in modified form the parts shown in Fig. 4with the apron arranged for attachment with a metallic or compositeroof. Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view of the curb of my improvedskylight, shown in modified form with a ventilating-cover in connectiontherewith-and shown beneath an apron extending from the roof to and.upon the skylight. Fig. 11 is a transverse sectional view o'facrossjoint adapted for use in connection with my IIO improved skylightwhen the length of the skylight is so great as to make two or morelengths of glass desirable. Fig. 12 is a transverse sectional view of myimproved rafterbar, shown in conjunction with a modified form of cap andmeans for securing the cap to the bar. Fig. 13 is a modified form ofabutment, shown in cross-section and. designed to take the place-of themetal box shown in Figs. 3 and 8. Fig. 14 is a detail view in verticalsection of a modified form of cap shown in Fig. 12 and the means forsecuring it to the bar.

Like characters of reference designate cor responding parts throughoutthe several views.

In its preferred. embodiment my improved skylight is adapted for useupon and in connection with an inclined roof, as one composed of therafter 1, upon which is disposed the usual sheeting 2 and shingles 3 orother form of exterior covering. The upper and lower edges of theskylight-opening may be provided with the usual header 4, extendingperpendicular to the rafters and rigidly secured thereto. The frameworkof the skylight is preferably composed of sheet metal and comprises anupper curb having a flange 5 secured. to the sheeting and beneath theshingles or other covering and adjacent the upper edge of the slqlight-opening. The curb is provided with a glass-supporting shoulder 6and. an obliquelylisposed depending sheet 7, upon the lower edge ofwhich is formed the gutter 8. This curb extends transversely entirelyacross the skylightopening.

Transversely across the lower edge of the skylight-opening is disposed acurb parallel with the curb upon the upper edge of the skylight-opening.Below this curb at proper intervals are spaced closed boxes of sheetmetal. The lower curb or abutment of the skylight is laced upon the roofin such a manner as to form the apron 10 and is folded for attachment tothe header 4 or a molding 1 1, secured thereto, as by the lip 12. Thesheet is then folded upon itself to form the gutter 13 and is continuedand. again folded to form the glass-supporting shoulder 14 and theglassretaining lip 15. The boxes 9 are set within the folds of the sheetand in the angle between the gutter'and the glass-supporting shoulder.Moisture-discharging openings are provided, forming communication fromthe gutter 13 to the boxes 9, and the boxes are provided with holes 17at each side to permit the discharge of moisture upon the apron 10, thecentral box 9 having these holes at each side thereof and the side boxeshaving moisturedischarging openings only at the side nearest the centralrafterbar.

Between the upper curb and the lower curb rafter-bars are disposed forsupporting the glass of the skylight. The central. and intermediaterafter-bars are composed of sheetmetal strips folded longitudinally toform upstanding ribs 18, which extend the entire distance from the uppercurb to the lower curb. Each side of the sheet-metal strip is thenfolded outwardly to form the glass-supporting shoulders 19, theninwardly and downwardly, then outwardly and. upwardly to form thegutters 20. The lower side of the rafter-bar may be finished by asheet-metal strip 21, folded to conform to the shape of the gutters 20,with their edges turned over the upwardly-disposed outer edges of thegutters, as shown at Fig. 7 in cross-section. The upstanding rib 18 ofthe rafter-bar is covered by a sheet-metal cap folded longitudinally topass over the rib 18 and having skirts 23 extending laterally upon eachside. The cap 22 is placed over the rib 18, with the skirts 23 restingupon the glass 24, and is secured in position by bolts 25 or in anyapproved manner.

To support the glass along the side of the skylight adjoining the roof,a rafter-bar is provided, as shown in cross-section in Fig. 6, having aflashin 26 secured to the roof in the usual wellknown manner of layingsuccessive sheets between successive courses of shingles, slate, tiles,or other materials. In the case of a metal roof the metal roofingmaterial is turned up to form the flashing, and in the case of acomposite roof the flashing is nailed to the sheeting and covered withthe composition, or it may be embedded in the layers of same. Theflashing is then folded upwardly, as shown at 27, and again folded downover the upwardly-projecting rib 29 of the rafter-bar and hammered inclose to the same. The rafter-bar is composed of sheet metal folded toform a rib 29 and a glass-supporting shoulder 30, perpendicular thereto.From the extremity of the glass-supporting shoulder 30 is suspended thegutter 31, and the opposite edge of the metal sheet is folded to conformto the shape of the lower side of the gutter '31, as at 32, and itsextreme edge folded over the outer edge of the gutter. The rafter-barhas the downwardly-projecting flange 28 of the flashing turned down andhammered close to the upwardly-extending rib 29 of the rafter-bar, asshown, and. a longitudinally-folded cap 33, disposed upon and above theflashing and rib and with the skirts 34 bearing upon the glass 24. Thecap 33 is secured by the bolts 25 or in any other approved manner.

l/Vhen the skylight is located adjoining a vertical wall arising aboveand beyond the skylight, a rafter-bar of. sheet metal is provided havingthe flashing 35 secured rigidly to the wall, as 36, and folded to form aglasssupporting shoulder 37. To the inner extremity of the shoulder 37is secured the depending gutter 38. Adjacent the upper edge of theflashing 35 a recess is formed in the wall 36 and a counterflashing 39cemented therein by the usual method of pointing. The counterflashing 39is then folded downwardly to cover the flashing and its lower edgeformed into a skirt to bear upon the glass 24.

The rafter-bars are placed in position by rigidly securing them to theupper curb and the plate forming the lower curb or abutment and with theglass-supporting shoulders 19, 30, and 37 all in a plane with theglass-supporting shoulder 6 of the upper curb and 14 of the abutment orlower curb. The rafterbars, curb, and abutment are so proportioned thatthe gutters 8 of the curb and 53 and 56 of the cross-joints communicateand discharge moisture into the gutters 20, 31, and 38 of therafter-bars, and proper communication is formed between the gutters forsuch purpose. The lower extremities of the gutters 20, 31, and 38 arerigidly secured Within the gutter 13 of the abutment or lower curb andso proportioned that moisture from the gutters of the raftenbars isdischarged into the gutter 13 and through the moisture-dischargingopenings 16 into the boxes 9. It will be understood that the glass 24 islaid upon the glass-supporting shoulders in and secured by the usualputty or other approved form of cement. Along the upper edge of theskylight-opening an apron 41 is secured to the sheeting beneath theshingles or other materials 3 and extends downwardly to and upon theglass 24. In case of a metal roof the apron 14 may be secured to themetal of the roof by a fold, as shown at 42, or in any other well-knownand approved manner, and the apron 10 along the lower side of the boxesmay be likewise secured, as shown in Fig. 8.

Instead of the boxes 9 an abutment 43 may be provided, covered with asheet of metal 44, folded into a similar gutter, glasssupportingshoulder, and upstanding lip. The ween-holes drain through metal tubes16, which are extended to pass through an abutment 43, and a hinged orswinging cover 45 is secured to the abutment and covering the outer endsof the moisture-discharging 0penings to permit the passage outwardly ofmoisture, but to prevent the passage of rain or snow inwardly.

In case it is desired to ventilate the skylight a bearing-block 46 maybe secured along the lower edge of the upper head 4 and the rafter-barssecured rigidly thereto by the implacement thereon of the lower portionof the gutters. A plate 47 may also be secured to the header 4 and thebearing-block 46 and secured rigidly to the rafter-bars by solder or inother approved. manner. The curb is secured to the rafter-bars at alittle distance from the end, and a deflecting-plate 48 is folded tocover the upper extremity of the curb, as at 49, and bearing upon therib 18 ol the rafter-bars. T o the upper extremity of the plate 47 isninged a damper 50, having a depending flange 51, proportioned anddisposed to shut over and engage the upstanding told 49 of thedeflecting-plate 48. This damper drains any moisture which may collecton it into the channel 61 of the deflectingplate 48, through which itescapes through holes 62, spaced at intervals. The apron 41 is carrieddownward and over the damper 50 and secured to the rafter-bar 18 abovethe cap 22, as by the bolt 52.

l/Vhere the length of the skylight is so great as to make it desirableto use two or more lengths of glass, a cross-joint may be providedcomposed of sheet metal extending transversely between rafter-bars andformed with a gutter 53, registering with the gutters 20, 31, and 38 ofthe rafter-bar. The sheet is then folded at an angle to form theglasssupporting shoulder 54 and lap 55. A brace member may also beprovided with a gutter 56, registering with the gutters of therafterbars and havin a supportingbraee 57 rigidly secured beneath theunder surface of the glass-supporting shoulder 54. The lower glass islaid upon the shoulder 57 in the usual putty or cement, and the upperglass likewise laid in putty or cement is placed on the glass-supportingshoulder 54, with the lap 55, as shown in Fig. 11, extending down overthe lower glass.

Instead of the bolts 25 passing directly and transversely through thefold of the cap and the rib of the rafter-bar, bolts 52, provided withangular portions, may be substituted. A. clip 58 may be secured to therib of the rafterbar and the angular portion of the bolt 52 passedthrough an opening therein and through an opening in the cap and anelastic washer 59 placed thereon and secured by the nut 60.

From the foregoing description it is believed that the assembling andoperation of my improved skylight elements will be fully and clearlyunderstood without further description thereof.

While I have shown in detail and described the preferred embodiment ofmy invention and have made provision for the contingencies most likelyto arise in the construction and assembling a skylight, it is to beunderstood that I do not limit myself to the combination in a singleskylight of all the elements herein shown and described, but reserve theright to use any of such elements in combination with all or any of theother elements shown and described or with parts and elements not hereinshown and within the scope of my claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as novel, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a skyli ht a curb composed of sheet material extending across thelower edge of the skylight-opening and bearing against a plurality ofmetal boxes, said curb having a portion extending across the tops ofsaid boxes which forms a glass-supporting seat, an upstanding lip formedat the lower edge of said glass-supporting seat, a downwardly andrearwardly extending portion which forms a gutter, adownwardly-extending portion at the edge of said rearwardly-extendingportion to form a lip which engages the edge of said skylight-openingand an apron extending from said downwardly-extending lip to and uponthe roof, the rear walls of said metal boxes having perforations form edtherein registering with a perforation formed in one of the walls ofsaid gutter and also having openings formed in the side walls of saidmetal boxes.

2. In a skylight, the combination with a curb formed of sheet materialand extending across the lower edge of a skylight-opening, said curbbeing bent to form a glass-supporting seat, a gutter, a lip whichengages the edge of the skylight-opening and an apron, of a plurality ofmetal boxes against which said curb rests, said curb and said boxesbeing perforated to form communication therebetween and said boxeshaving openings formed therein leading to the roof, of gutters extendingacross the upper edge of the skylight-opening and along each side of theskylight-opening and communicating with. the gutter of the lower curb.

3. In a skylight the combination with a gutter extending across theupper edge of said skylight-opening, gutters extending along each sideof the skylight-opening and gutters extending centrally of theskylightopening and arranged beneath a central rafter-bar, of asheet-metal curb bent to form a glass-supporting seat, a gutter intowhich all of the above-mentioned gutters discharge, a depending lipengaging the edge of the skylight-opening and an apron extending to andupon the roof, said gutter having dischargeopenings formed in one of thewalls thereof, adapted to convey water from said gutter to said apronv4. In a skylight, a hollow rafter-bar having a centrally-disposedupstanding rib and depending longitudinally-extending gutters, a hollowchamber disposed at the end of the rafter-bar, a curb or abutmentdisposed at the lower portion of the skylight to which said rafter-baris attached, a gutter formed in said lower curb, said gutter beingprovided with moisture-discharging openings which form a channel betweensaid gutter and said hollow chamber, said chamber being provided withmoisture-discharging openings communicating with the roof.

5. In a skylight, a curb extending along the upper edge of theskylight-opening and rigidly secured to the roof, the said curb beingcomposed of sheet material folded to form a glass-supporting shoulderand a depending gutter, hollow boxes placed at inter vals along thelower edge of the skylight and rigidly secured to the roof, the saidlower curb or abutment being provided with a glass-supporting surface, agutter extending parallel with and secured to the curb or abutment,conduits communicating with the gutter of the curb and the hollow boxes,moisture-discharging drains forming communication between the gutter andthe said boxes and means for discharging moisture from the boxes to andupon the roof.

6. A skylight conforming substantially to the slant of the roof andcomprising a curb extending along and rigidly secured to the upper edgeof the skylightopening, the said curb being composed of sheet materialfolded to form a glass-supporting shoulder and a gutter beneath theshoulder, an abutment extending along and. rigidly secured to the loweredge of the skylight-opening, the said abutment being provided with asheet of material rigidly secured thereto and folded to form aglass-supporting shoulder, an upstanding lip, a gutter, and an apron,the apron extending over and upon. the roof, a

rafter-bar composed of sheet material folded to form' acentrally-disposed rib, glass-supporting shoulders extending laterallyfrom the rib and gutters disposed below the shoulders, anotherrafter-bar composed of sheet material folded to form an upstanding rib,a glass-supporting shoulder extending laterally from the rib, a gutterdisposed below the shoulder and flashing outstanding from the rib andattached to the roof, another rafterbar composed of sheet material andhaving a flashing secured to a vertical wall, a glass supportingshoulder and a gutter below the shoulder, the said rafter-bars securedat their opposite ends to the curb and the abutment and with all theglass-supporting shoulders in a single plane and all the gutterscommunicating, means for discharging moisture from the gutter of theabutment upon the roof, glass disposed upon the glass-supportingshoulders, a cap covering and secured to the rib of the rafterbar andhaving laterallyextending skirts arranged to bear upon the glass, acounterflashing secured to the vertical wall and extending downward overthe flashing of the rafter-bar and provided with a skirt bearing uponthe glass and an apron secured to the roof adjacent the upper edge ofthe skylight-opening and extending over the glass.

In testimony whereoi I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HUGH A. DANIEL.

Witnesses JOHN C. WANDELL,

SAMUEL EMBERSON.

